Voluntarily in IPC – Voluntarily definition in IPC

Voluntarily in IPC – Voluntarily definition in IPC

[See: Section 39 IPC]

Voluntarily”.—

A person is said to cause an effect “voluntarily” when he causes it :

              -by means whereby he intended to cause it, or

-by means which, at the time of employing those means, he knew or had reason to believe to be likely to cause it.

Illustration

A sets fire, by night, to an inhabited house in a large town, for the purpose of facilitating a robbery and thus causes the death of a person. Here, A may not have intended to cause death; and may even be sorry that death has been caused by his act; yet, if he knew that he was likely to cause death, he has caused death voluntarily.